Thursday, July 11, 2019

A problem with the word "dinosaur"

Take note of the following problem:

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/dinomm.html
One important dinosaurian synapomorphy is the perforate [completely open] acetabulum, simply a "hip bone" (actually three connected bones, together called the pelvis) with a hole in the center where the head of the femur ("thigh bone") sits. This construction of the hip joint makes an erect stance (hindlimbs located directly beneath the body) necessary — like most mammals, but unlike other reptiles which have a less erect and more sprawling posture. Dinosaurs are unique among all tetrapods in having this perforate [completely open] acetabulum.

Notice that I have added the words "completely open" within square brackets.  I add that because as the quote says, it is:
"actually three connected bones, together called the pelvis with a hole in the center where the head of the femur ("thigh bone") sits". 
In other words, it is completely open. 

But birds do not have a completely open acetabulum. So it is misleading to say they both have a "perforate" acetabulum.
One needs to distinguish between actual dinosaurs (eg. tyrannosaurids) on the one hand and flying (and secondarily flightless) feathered Paraves with long bony tail (eg. long tailed Scansoriopterygids) on the other. 


Monday, July 8, 2019

Cup-like Acetabulum

Basal paraves had a partially closed (cup-like) acetabulum that allowed them to abduct (splay, sprawl) their legs.
Pterosaurs had a completely closed (cup-like) acetabulum that allowed them to abduct (splay, sprawl) their legs.
Dinosaurs had a completely open acetabulum that did not allow them to abduct (splay, sprawl) their legs.

Dinosaur to bird theorists focus on whether the acetabulum had a hole in it or not. From that point of view birds and dinosaurs were somewhat similar in that they both had a hole in the acetabulum. (Although one had a partially closed acetabulum, the other a completely open acetabulum).

But that overlooks the important issue which is whether the acetabulum was cup-like or not. From that point of view dinosaurs are not like birds. While pterosaurs in that respect are like birds. 

This is significant because dinosaurs could not splay their legs, but basal paraves and pterosaurs could


For more details see: