Friday, June 5, 2015

Dinosaurs are not similar to primitive birds

The following study shows that there were 51 synapomorphies (unique defining characteristics) for Paraves (primitive birds). This means that of the 374 characteristics that were evaluated, 51 of them were different than the claimed dinosaur ancestor. This is more than 1 in 8. This means that primitive birds are not similar to dinosaurs, which is a point that I have being making for a very long time. It is good to see a cladistic analysis confirm this point. 
Note that this number would be very much larger if the oviraptors etc were taken as secondarily flightless.

2011 study (Xu et al):
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v475/n7357/full/nature10288.html
http://www.ivpp.cas.cn/qt/papers/201403/P020140314389417822583.pdf
 An Archaeopteryx-like theropod [Xiaotingia] from China and the origin of Avialae
Here we report a new Archaeopteryx-like theropod from China. This find further demonstrates that many features formerly regarded as being diagnostic of Avialae, including long and robust forelimbs, actually characterize the more inclusive group Paraves (composed of the avialans and the deinonychosaurs). 
Paraves: 1.1, 10.1, 13.0, 14.0, 15.1, 20.1, 21.1, 28.1, 39.0, 61.1, 65.0, 66.0, 69.0, 79.0, 91.0,95.0, 96.1, 97.1, 106.0, 109.1, 119.1, 125.0, 127.1, 129.1, 137.1, 138.1, 139.1, 154.0, 155.1,156.1, 160.1, 166.0, 176.1, 179.1, 180.1, 184.1, 202.1, 221.1, 232.0, 237.1, 262.1, 267.1,277.2, 292.0, 304.2, 306.1, 319.1, 320.2, 336.1, 354.0, and 362.1

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